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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get past the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI needed to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or comparable hack is different, it becomes a goal, a decoration for the poor guys. It will leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the poor guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly state that they have no back door, and that is as it ought to be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document key you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a protected. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One sort of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. Another creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, all of the documents that you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Similar to the digital drive solution, some goods save your encrypted data in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial offered by each one of these products to have a feel for the different options.

Once you copy a document into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the file in link place, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It's more common, however, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you select something that lacks this attribute, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, with the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one the merchandise accumulated here support AES. Even those that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption specialist, you might prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is personal, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create a digital signature which shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The fact your public key decrypts it is all the proof you need. PKI service is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.